Everything about The Pennyroyal Plateau totally explained
The
Pennyroyal Plateau, or, as it's more commonly called in
Kentucky, the
Pennyrile, is a large area of the state that features rolling hills,
caves, and
karst topography in general.
The Pennyrile is bordered by the
Pottsville Escarpment in the east. The Pottsville Escarpment is the transition zone from the central part of Kentucky to the higher and geologically younger
Cumberland Plateau in the eastern part of the state. North of the Pennyrile, the
Bluegrass borders the
Chester Escarpment. This escarpment, mostly based on weathering-resistant
sandstone, is a fairly dramatic one, featuring many
cliffs,
canyons,
waterfalls and
rock shelters.
The Pennyrile is bordered on the north by
Muldraugh Hill, the geological escarpment that forms the transition from the geologically older Bluegrass to the Pennyrile. This is a series of knobs and ridges based on hard
siltstones.
The Pennyrile is bordered on the west by the younger
Jackson Purchase, a mostly alluvial area. The Pennyrile is usually thought to include the Western
Coal Fields of Kentucky, located in the northwestern area of the state, and separated from the rest of the Pennyrile by the
Dripping Springs Escarpment, also based on sandstone.
To the south, the Pennyrile continues as the
Highland Rim of
Middle Tennessee.
The Pennyrile is largely in farmland where the bedrock is
limestone, and most of the Pennyrile is based on limestone, particularly the
St. Louis Limestone or
Ste. Genevieve Limestone. In some areas, the limestone is capped with a soft sandstone. This kind of formation—sandstone over limestone—is featured in the
Mammoth Cave area, and has enabled the formation of the world's most extensive
cave system. Numerous other caves exist in the Pennyrile, where some of the most intensely cave-forming limestones of the world are to be found.
Where the capping sandstone is intact, the land surface is usually forested, rugged hills.
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